- -

By Risky Triwijaya

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Teman-teman tau apa itu Descriptive Text ?

seperti gambar di samping, itu adalah contoh dari Descriptive Text...

Definition
Descriptive text is to describe a particular person, place, thing or event.
Sometimes in a spoken text, you may use fillers, such as, er, um,...etc

Stucture of the text:

Identification: identifies the phenomenon to be describe
Description: describes parts, qualities and the characteristics of the person, place, thing or event to be described.

[ READ MORE ]

- -

By Risky Triwijaya

0 komentar

NARRATIVE TEXT

Teman-teman tau apa itu Narrative Text ?

seperti cerita di samping itu adalah contoh dari Narrative Text...

Definition

Narrative is an imagine story. It's purpose is to entertain or amuse the listeners or readers.

Structure of the text:

Orientation
Complication
Resolution
Re-Orientation (Optional)

Language Features:

Focus on specific prticipants
Use of past tense
Use of temporal conjuction and temporal circumstances
Use of material proccesses

[ READ MORE ]

- -

By Risky Triwijaya

0 komentar

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Definition
Simple Future Tense is used to describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future.

The Formula:
1. Will

(+) S + shall/will + Verb I
(-) S + shall/will + not + Verb I
(?) Shall/will + S + Verb I?

2. Going to

(+) S + be + going to + Verb I
(-) S + be + not + goimg to + Verb I
(?) be + S + going to + Verb I?

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

No Plan: we use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking.

Example:

Hold on. I'll get a pen.
We will see what we can do to help you.
Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight
I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
I think I will have a holiday next year.
I don't think I'll buy that car.

Prediction: we often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen.

Example:

It will rain tomorrow.
People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
Who do you think will get the job?

Note:
That when we have a plan or intention to do something in the future, we usually use other tenses or expressions, such as the present continuous tense or going to.

Time signal:

1. Tomorrow…

Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Night

2. Next…

Time
Week
Month
Year
January

3. Tonight
4. The day after tomorrow
5. Soon
6. Later
7. Two, three more days
8. Two, three days later
9. By and by

[ READ MORE ]

- -

By Risky Triwijaya

0 komentar

FINITE VERBS

Definition

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.

A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.

Some Types Tense:

Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went
Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

Identify the finite verbs in a sentence:

Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past:cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated.

Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of the word to indicate the present when the subject of the verb is third-person singular: cough, he coughs; celebrate, she celebrates.

Finite verbs are often groups of words that include such auxiliary verbs as can, must, have, and be: can be suffering, must eat, will have gone.

Finite verbs usually follow their subjects: He coughs. The documents had compromised him. They will have gone.

Finite verbs surround their subjects when some forms of a question are asked: Is he coughing? Did they celebrate?

[ READ MORE ]

- -

By Risky Triwijaya

0 komentar

Dirrect and Indirrect Speech

Kalian tau apa itu Dirrect and Indirrect?

kita lihat aja definisi nya di bawah ini!

Definition
Dirrect speech refer to reproducing another person's exact words or saying exactly what someone has said.

Indirrect speech refer to reproducing the idea of another person words that doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

Here a the backshift of tenses:
FROM TO
Simple Present Simple Past
Simple Past
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Will Would
am/is/are was/were
Was/were
has been Had been
had been

Time Signal:
Dirrect Speech Indirrect Speech
Now Then
Today That day/that night
Yesterday The day before/The previous day
Tomorrow The next day/following day
Last week The previous week
Next week The following week
A year A year before

There are three kinds of dirrect and indirrect speech:

Statement

Dirrect speech (Present Tense): The students go to the library once a day
Indirrect speech (Past Tense): The students went to the library once day
Dirrect speech (Present Countinous Tense): The students are reading books now
Indirrect speech (Past Countinous Tense): The students were reading books then
Dirrect speech (Past Tense): The students borrowed books last week
Indirrect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had borrowed books the previous week
Dirrect speech (Present Perfect Tense): The students have returned the books
Indirrect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had returned the books
Dirrect speech (Future Tense): The students will borrow novels tomorrow
Indirrrect speech (Future Tense): The students would borrow novels the following day
Dirrect speech: The girls say, "We like reading een magazines."
Indirrect speech: The girls say that they like reading teen magazines.
Dirrect speech: Woody says,"I am on my way home."
Indirrect speech: Woody says that he is on his way home.
Dirrect speech: Riana says, " I can do this myself."
Indirrect speech: Riana says that she can do that herself.

2. Question

Dirrect speech: Peter asked me,"Do you play football?"
Indirrect speech: Peter asked me whether I played football.
Dirrect speech: Peter asked me,"When do you play football?"
Indirrect speech: Peter asked me when I play football.

3. Command

Dirrect speech: Mother said to me, "Turn off the TV and preapare yourself."
Inddirect speech: Mother told me to turn off the TV an preapare myself.
Dirrect speech: Nollan said to me, "Don't go anywhere after tou have done our homework."
Indirrect speech: Nollan told me not to go anywhere after I had done my homework.

[ READ MORE ]

- -

By Risky Triwijaya

0 komentar

Modals In The Past Form

When do we use modals?

To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something
Example: "We can find your house without the street plan."
"She can't have a daughter that old!"
To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary)
Example: "You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car."
"You needn't carry your passport around with you."
To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible)

Example:"Do be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over"

Modals in the Past Form

can't have	could	could have	couldn't	couldn't have
didn't need to	had to	may have	may not have	might have
might not have	must have	needn't have	ought not to have	ought to have
should have	shouldn't have	would have	would not

can't have

certainty

e.g. I can't have lost my keys! (I'm sure I didn't)

could	permission e.g. When I was a teenager, I could go out as late as I wanted.
	general ability e.g. Tom could walk by the age of 8 months.

could have	possibility, but did not happen e.g. I could have passed my driving test if I'd really tried.
	uncertainty e.g. I guess it could have been Sandra on the phone.

couldn't	permission e.g. When I was a teenager, I couldn't stay out as late as I wanted.
	general ability e.g. I couldn't walk until I was 2.
	ability in a particular situation e.g. I tried hard but I couldn't persuade him to go to the party with us.

couldn't have	possibility/ability e.g. I couldn't possibly have passed my driving test, even if I'd tried harder.
	uncertainty e.g. It couldn't have been Sandra on the phone, could it?
	with comparative adjectives e.g. I couldn't have asked for better weather on my wedding day.
	unwillingness e.g. I couldn't have left the dog in the car for long (so I didn't).

didn’t need to

unnecessary action not done

e.g. As I was alone this weekend, I didn't need to do any cooking (so I didn't).

had to

obligation (past form of must)

e.g. I couldn't go out last night because I had to do my homework.

may have

uncertainty

e.g. I guess I may have been a bit hard on her when she came home an hour late.

may not have

uncertainty

e.g. He may not have found out yet that he has passed the test.

might have	possibility (didn't happen) e.g. You might have been killed!
	uncertainty e.g. I guess I might have been a bit hard on her when she came home an hour late.
	annoyance at someone's failure to do something e.g. You might have told me that you had invited all your colleagues round for dinner!
	might have known + would (idiom to ironically express that somebody's action was typical) e.g. I might have known that he would finish with me as soon as he found out I wasn't wealthy!

might not have

uncertainty

e.g. He may not have found out yet that he has passed the test.

must have	certainty e.g. He must have known how much it was going to cost. (I'm sure he knew.)
	with surely in exclamations e.g. Surely he must have known how much it was going to cost!

needn't have

unnecessary action that was actually done

e.g. Oh, you needn't have done the washing up!

ought not to have

criticism (more common is shouldn't have)

e.g. You ought not to have been so frank with him.

ought to have

expectation (should have is more common)

Why is she late? She ought to have arrived by now!

should have	expectation Why is she late? She should have arrived by now!
	should have + verbs of thinking e.g. I should have thought you knew.
	with be and adjectives, describing chance e.g. It was weird that you should have been staying in the same hostel last month.
	criticism (you didn't do something, but it would have been the right thing to do) e.g. The party was such fun last night! You should have come!

shouldn't have	criticism e.g. You shouldn't have been so frank with him.
	polite expression of thanks on receiving a gift or favour "Here's a bottle of wine for you" "Oh, you really shouldn't have!"

would have	events in the past that did not happen e.g. I wouldn't have gone out with him, but he didn't ask me.
	assumptions e.g. Oh, that would have been Sarah on the phone just now.

would not

unwillingness

e.g. I asked Tom to close the window, but he wouldn't do it.

PRESENT FORM	PAST FORM
can	could
may	might
will	would
shall	should
must	-
ought to	-
need	-

[ READ MORE ]

- -

By Risky Triwijaya

0 komentar

INVITATION

Teman-teman tau apa itu invitation?

contoh dari invitation adalah undangan seperti gambar di samping...

Inviting Someone:

I'd like to invite youto have dinner this saturday.
I'd like to invite you to a party next friday
I was wondering if you'd like to......
Would you like to....?
Will you come to....?

Accepting an Invitation:

I'd love to
That would be wonderful
Yes, thank you. What time?
Thanks. I'd love to
That would be great, thanks

Declining an Invitation:

I'm awfully sorry, I have other plans
I wish I could, but....
I'd really to, but.....
Sorry. I've already made plans for saturday
I would love to, but I .....

Example:
Roni: Hi, Vito. Tomorrow Dani and I are going to Depok Beach. Do you want to join?
Vito: Oh, sorry, but I'm not really interested in beaches. Er....by the way I'll be at my grandmother's house in Yogya. Please drop by.
Roni: Um...I'd love to. Thanks.

[ READ MORE ]

E-Primbon

Thank you!

Minimal Design

Download high quality wordpress themes at top-wordpress.net

Easy to use theme’s admin panel

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT